HPTLC Studies, in silico Docking Studies, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Elaeocarpus ganitrus as a Gastroprotective Agent.

OBJECTIVES: Elaeocarpus ganitrus, a member of the Eleocarpaceae family, is valued in Hinduism and Ayurveda, and is frequently used as a remedy for a variety of illnesses. The plant is reputed to treat a number of stomach issues. The purpose of the study was to produce high-quality scientific data regarding gastroprotective behavior, docking experiments with cholinergic receptors, and HPTLC (with lupeol and ursolic acid). To develop the mechanism of herbal extracts, in vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities were evaluated. Different leaf extracts were treated with various reagents to determine the presence of various metabolites. An examination of the histopathology was conducted to determine the full impact of the extract. METHODS: Methanolic extract was chosen for HPTLC investigations after extraction with various solvents. A mobile phase of toluene, ethylacetate, and formic acid (8:2:0.1) was chosen. Molecular docking was utilized to examine how ursolic acid and lupeol are bound to cholinergic receptors (M3). Different extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were tested for their ability to provide gastroprotection in Wistar rats at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). RESULTS: Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolites. HPTLC data showed the presence of both standards. Docking studies exhibited very good interactions with the M3 receptor. Pharmacological studies revealed that extract-treated groups significantly reduced the ulcer index in all of the models mentioned above. The histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies, which were conducted utilizing various doses and found to be effective in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro analysis proved that the abovementioned extracts may act as antagonists of acetylcholine and histamine. CONCLUSION: The data obtained would be valuable for the production of the monograph of the plant and conducting concept-related clinical studies in the future. More investigation is required since the gathered scientific data may lead to new research opportunities.

A panoramic view on phytochemical, nutritional, and therapeutic attributes of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: A comprehensive review.

Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as Indian jujube, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. A plethora of active phytochemical constituents of this plant has been revealed so far, namely, berberine, quercetin, kaempferol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, diosgenin, and so forth. Several studies demonstrated the exploration of pharmacological potential of various parts such as fruits, leaves, and stems of the plant as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-diarrhoeal, antidepressant, immunomodulator, and hepatoprotective. This review gives a unique summary including phytochemistry, nutritional value, and significant pharmacological importance of Z. mauritiana. The literature search was carried out via search engine PubMed, Science Direct, and so on. The data were heterogeneous in terms of leaves, stem, roots, and fruits which were used for different experimental findings, which made the comparison a lengthy task. Study findings suggested that the extracts from this plant may possess numerous types of pharmacological activities. As the search for novel drugs from botanical sources continues, there is need for future investigations to isolate and characterize pharmacologically active agents that confer medicinal properties on Z. mauritiana, as well as to elucidate the structures of these agents by which they exert their healing properties and to scientifically validate the existing traditional practices concerning its health benefits.

Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso as a Medicinal Plant Species: A Review on Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Properties.

Operculina turpethum (Linn.) (OT) Silva Manso belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. This review incorporates literature for the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of OT herb. Exhaustive literature survey was done using all the details on phytochemistry and pharmacology of OT available. This herb was found to be a potent source of bioactive compounds such as α- and ß-turpethein, turpethinic acids (A, B, C, D, and E), coumarins, cycloartenol, lanosta-5-ene, 24-methylene-δ-5-lanosterol, α- and ß-rhamnose, ß-sitosterol, lupeol, scopoletin, betulin, acrylamide, stigma-5,22dien-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, ß-sitosterol-ß-D-glucoside (H-1), 22,23-dihydro-α-spinosterol-ß-D-glucoside (H-2), and salicylic acid (CH-2), which are useful in fevers, edema, ascites, anorexia, constipation, hepatosplenomegaly, hemorrhoids, cervical lymphadenitis, fistulas, constipation, chronic gout, fever, bronchitis, ulcers, hemorrhoids, tumors, obesity, jaundice, herpes, induce lacrimation, and other skin disorders. From the aerial parts of OT, four new dammarane-type saponins that are operculinosides A-D (1-4) were isolated that showed particular hepatoprotective activities. All the compounds are reported to possess pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic, ulcer protective, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic properties.